Da farko dai, danyen takin kaji bai kai daidai da taki ba.Takin gargajiya yana nufin bambaro, biredi, taki na dabbobi, ragowar naman kaza da sauran albarkatun ƙasa ta hanyar bazuwar, fermentation da sarrafa su taki.Taki na dabba ɗaya ne kawai daga cikin kayan da ake samar da takin zamani.
Ko jika ko busasshiyar taki ba a yi taki ba, cikin sauki zai kai ga lalata kayan lambu, gonakin noma da sauran kayan amfanin gona, wanda hakan zai jawo hasarar tattalin arziki mai yawa ga manoma.Mu fara da duba illar danyen taki, kuma me ya sa mutane suke ganin danyen taki ya fi sauran taki na dabba?Da kuma yadda za a yi cikakken amfani da taki kaji daidai da inganci?
Bala'i takwas cikin sauƙi ya haifar da amfani da taki a cikin greenhouses da gonaki:
1. Kone saiwoyi, ƙone tsire-tsire da kashe tsire-tsire
Bayan yin amfani da takin kaji marar yisti, idan an saka hannunka cikin ƙasa, zafin ƙasa zai yi girma sosai.A lokuta masu tsanani, mutuwar flake ko cikakken rufin zai jinkirta noma kuma ya haifar da asarar farashin aiki da zuba jari na iri.
Musamman amfani da taki na kaji a cikin hunturu da bazara yana da haɗari mafi girma na aminci, saboda a wannan lokacin, yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse yana da yawa, kuma fermentation na takin kaji zai fitar da zafi mai yawa, wanda zai haifar da ƙonewa. .An yi amfani da taki na kaza a cikin gonar lambu a cikin hunturu da bazara, kawai a cikin lokacin tushen dormancy.Da zarar tushen ya ƙone, zai shafi tarawa na gina jiki da furanni da 'ya'yan itace a cikin shekara mai zuwa.
2. Salinization na ƙasa, rage yawan 'ya'yan itace
Ci gaba da yin amfani da taki na kaji ya bar adadin sodium chloride mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, tare da matsakaicin kilogiram 30-40 na gishiri a kowace murabba'in mita 6 na takin kaji, kuma kilogiram 10 na gishiri a kowace acre yana da matuƙar hana ƙarancin ƙasa da aiki. .Ingantacciyar takin phosphate, takin potash, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, boron, manganese da sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban shuka mara kyau, furen fure da samar da 'ya'yan itace, yana hana haɓaka haɓakar amfanin gona da inganci.
Sakamakon haka, yawan amfani da taki ya ragu kowace shekara kuma farashin shigar da kayayyaki ya karu da kashi 50-100%.
3. Acidify ƙasa kuma haifar da cututtuka daban-daban na rhizosphere da cututtukan hoto
Saboda pH na taki na kaji yana da kusan 4, yana da acidic sosai kuma zai haifar da ƙasa, wanda zai haifar da raunin sinadarai da mummunar lalacewa ga tushen tushe da tushen kyallen takarda, yana samar da adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta da takin kaji ke ɗauka, cututtuka na ƙasa. - ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da ba da damar shiga da kamuwa da cuta, da zarar zafi da zafin jiki ya kai cutar za ta faru.
Yin amfani da takin kajin da bai cika fermentation ba, mai sauƙi don haifar da shuka shuka, rawaya ƙẽƙasasshe, atrophy daina girma, babu furanni da 'ya'yan itace, har ma da mutuwa;Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka na annoba, ɓacin ransu, ɓarkewar tushen da bakteriya sune abubuwan da suka fi fitowa fili na amfani da taki.
4. Tushen kullin nematode infestation
Taki kaji wuri ne na sansani da kuma kiwo don tushen-ƙulli nematodes.Yawan tushen-kullin nematode shine 100 a kowace gram 1000.Kwai da ke cikin taki kaji suna da sauƙin kyankyasa kuma su ninka da dubun-dubatar dare ɗaya.
Nematodes suna da matukar damuwa ga abubuwan sinadarai, kuma suna sauri zuwa zurfin 50 cm zuwa 1.5 m, yana sa su da wuyar warkewa.Tushen-ƙulli nematode yana ɗaya daga cikin haɗarin haɗari musamman ga tsofaffin rumbunan sama da shekaru 3.
5. Kawo maganin rigakafi, wanda ke shafar lafiyar kayan aikin gona
Abincin kaji yana ƙunshe da hormones mai yawa, sannan kuma yana ƙara maganin rigakafi don rigakafin cututtuka, waɗannan za a kwashe su cikin ƙasa ta hanyar taki kaza, suna shafar lafiyar kayan aikin gona.
6. Samar da iskar gas mai cutarwa, yana cutar da ci gaban amfanin gona, kashe shuka
Takin kaji a cikin tsari na bazuwar don samar da methane, gas ammonia da sauran iskar gas masu cutarwa, ta yadda ƙasa da amfanin gona su haifar da lalacewar acid da lalacewar tushen, mafi tsanani shine samar da iskar ethylene na hana ci gaban tushen, wanda kuma shine babban dalilin. tushen konewa.
7. Ci gaba da yin amfani da najasar kaza, yana haifar da rashin iskar oxygen a cikin tushen tsarin
Ci gaba da yin amfani da taki na kaji yana haifar da rashin iskar oxygen a cikin tushen tsarin da rashin girma.Lokacin da aka shafa takin kaji a cikin ƙasa, yana cinye iskar oxygen a cikin ƙasa yayin aikin rushewa, yana sanya ƙasa na ɗan lokaci a cikin yanayin hypoxia, wanda zai hana ci gaban amfanin gona.
8. Karfe masu nauyi sun wuce misali
Taki kaji yana kunshe da ma'adanai masu nauyi kamar su jan karfe, mercury, chromium, cadmium, gubar da arsenic, da sauran ragowar hormones masu yawa, wadanda ke haifar da karafa mai nauyi a cikin kayayyakin noma, gurbata ruwa da kasa a karkashin kasa, daukar lokaci mai tsawo don samar da kwayoyin halitta. kwayoyin halitta su canza zuwa humus, kuma suna haifar da asarar sinadarai mai tsanani.
Me yasa amfanin ƙasa ya yi kama da girma musamman ta hanyar shafa taki?
Wannan shi ne saboda hanjin kaza yana mike tsaye, najasa da fitsari tare, don haka kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin takin kajin, fiye da kashi 60 cikin 100 na kwayoyin halitta suna cikin sigar uric acid, bazuwar uric acid na samar da sinadarin nitrogen mai yawa. kilogiram 500 na taki na kaji yana daidai da kilogiram 76.5 na urea, saman yayi kama da amfanin gonaki suna girma da ƙarfi.Idan irin wannan yanayin ya faru a cikin nau'in jaket ko itacen inabin 'ya'yan itace, zai iya haifar da mummunar cututtuka na ilimin lissafi.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaba da gaba tsakanin sinadarin nitrogen da abubuwan ganowa da kuma yawan sinadarin urea, wanda hakan zai haifar da toshewar abubuwan tsakiya da iri daban-daban, wanda hakan zai haifar da ganyen rawaya, rubewar cibiya, fashewar ‘ya’yan itace da cutar kafar kaza.
Shin kun taɓa saduwa da yanayin kona tsire-tsire ko ruɓewa a cikin gonakin ku ko lambun kayan lambu?
Ana amfani da taki da yawa, amma ba za a iya inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci ba.Shin akwai lokuta marasa kyau?kamar mutuwar rabin tsayi, taurin ƙasa, kututture mai nauyi, da dai sauransu. Takin kaji yana buƙatar ta hanyar fermentation da magani mara lahani kafin a shafa shi cikin ƙasa!
Amfani da taki mai kyau da inganci
Taki kaji wani abu ne mai kyau na taki, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan 1.63% nitrogen mai tsafta, kusan 1.54% P2O5 da kusan 0.085% potassium.Ana iya sarrafa ta ta zama taki ta hanyar ƙwararrun kayan aikin samar da taki.Bayan tsarin fermentation, kwari masu cutarwa da ciyawa za a kawar da su tare da haɓaka da faduwar zafin jiki.Layin samar da taki na kaji da gaske sun haɗa da fermentation → murƙushewa → haɗuwa da sinadaran → granulation → bushewa → sanyaya → nunawa → metering da rufewa → ajiyar kayan da aka gama.
Jadawalin tafiyar da tsarin samar da taki
Tsarin tafiyar da takin gargajiya tare da fitowar tan 30,000 na shekara-shekara
Asalin gina layin samar da taki
1. Za a gina tankuna huɗu na fermentation a cikin yanki na albarkatun ƙasa, kowane tsayin 40m, faɗin 3m da zurfin zurfin 1.2m, tare da jimlar murabba'in murabba'in murabba'in 700;
2. Yankin albarkatun kasa zai shirya layin dogo na 320m;
3. Yankin samarwa ya ƙunshi yanki na murabba'in murabba'in 1400;
4. Ana buƙatar ma'aikatan samarwa 3 a yankin albarkatun ƙasa, kuma ana buƙatar ma'aikata 20 a yankin samarwa;
5. Yankin albarkatun kasa yana buƙatar siyan motar fasinja mai nauyin tan uku.
Babban kayan aiki na layin samar da taki:
1. Farkon matakikayan aikin fermentationna taki kaji: tsagi takin turner inji, crawlerinji mai juya taki, Na'ura mai sarrafa taki mai sarrafa kansa, na'ura mai jujjuya takin takin sarkar
2. Kayan aikin murƙushewa:Semi-rigar abu crusher, Sarkar murƙushewa, murƙushewa a tsaye
3. Hada kayan aikiA kwance mahautsini, Disc mahautsini
4. Kayan aikin tantancewa sun haɗa daInjin duba rotaryda injin nuna jijjiga
5. Granulator kayan aiki: agitating granulator, disc granulator,extrusion granulator, Rotary drum granulatorda na'ura mai siffar zagaye
6. Kayan aikin bushewa: busar da ganga rotary
7. Kayan injin sanyaya:injin sanyaya rotary
8. Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa: mai ba da ƙididdigewa, mai kajin taki na kaji, injin sutura, mai tara ƙura, injin marufi na atomatik
9. Kayan aikin jigilar kaya: mai ɗaukar bel, lif guga.
Gabaɗaya ƙirar tsarin samar da taki ya haɗa da:
1. Ingantaccen fasaha na hadaddun rauni da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.
2.Advanced kayan shirye-shiryen fasaha danazarin halittu fermentation tsarin.
3. Mafi kyawun fasahar dabarar taki na musamman (mafi kyawun haɗin samfurin samfurin za'a iya tsara shi da sauƙi bisa ga ƙasa na gida da halayen amfanin gona).
4. Fasaha mai kulawa da hankali na gurbatawa na biyu (sharar gas da wari).
5. Tsarin tsari da fasaha na masana'antu nalayin samar da taki.
Abubuwan da ke buƙatar kulawa a cikin samar da taki kaji
Kyakkyawan kayan aiki:
Kyakkyawan kayan albarkatun ƙasa yana da matukar mahimmanci ga tsarin samar da takin gargajiya.Dangane da kwarewa, ya kamata a dace da fineness na dukan albarkatun kasa kamar haka: 100-60 maki na albarkatun kasa game da 30-40%, 60 maki zuwa game da 1.00 mm a diamita na albarkatun kasa game da 35%, kuma game da 25% -30% a diamita na 1.00-2.00 mm.Duk da haka, a cikin aiwatar da samarwa, wuce kima rabo daga high fineness kayan ayan haifar da matsaloli kamar ma manyan barbashi da kuma maras lokaci barbashi saboda ma kyau danko.
Matsayin Balaga Na Haɗin Taki Kaji
Dole ne taki kaji ya lalace sosai kafin a shafa.Kwayoyin da ke cikin taki kaji da ƙwayayen su, da kuma wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaduwa, za a kashe su ta hanyar ruɓe (fermentation).Bayan ya lalace sosai, takin kajin zai zama babban taki mai inganci.
1. Balaga
A lokaci guda tare da wadannan uku yanayi, za ka iya wajen yin hukunci da kaza taki ya m fermented.
1. Ainihin babu wari mara kyau;2. Farin fata;3. Taki kaji yana cikin sako-sako.
Lokacin fermenting gabaɗaya kusan watanni 3 ne a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, wanda za a ƙara haɓakawa sosai idan an ƙara wakili na fermenting.Dangane da yanayin zafin jiki, ana buƙatar kwanaki 20-30 gabaɗaya, kuma ana iya kammala kwanaki 7-10 a ƙarƙashin yanayin samar da masana'anta.
2. Danshi
Ya kamata a gyara abun cikin ruwa kafin takin kaji ya yi taki.A cikin aiwatar da fermenting Organic takin mai magani, dacewa da abun ciki na ruwa yana da matukar muhimmanci.Saboda wakili mai lalacewa yana cike da ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai, idan ya bushe ko kuma ya yi yawa zai shafi fermentation na microorganisms, gabaɗaya ya kamata a kiyaye shi a 60 ~ 65%.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-18-2021