Sharar abinci na karuwa yayin da yawan al'ummar duniya ke karuwa kuma birane sun girma.Miliyoyin ton na abinci ne ake jefawa cikin datti a duniya duk shekara.Kusan kashi 30% na 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, hatsi, nama da kayan abinci na duniya ana zubar dasu kowace shekara.Sharar abinci ta zama babbar matsalar muhalli a kowace ƙasa.Yawancin sharar abinci na haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa, wanda ke lalata iska, ruwa, ƙasa da nau'ikan halittu.A gefe guda, sharar abinci tana rushewa ta hanyar anaerobic don samar da iskar gas kamar methane, carbon dioxide da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa.Sharar abinci tana samar da kwatankwacin ton biliyan 3.3 na iskar gas.Sharar da abinci kuwa, ana jefawa a cikin rumfunan da ke ɗauke da manyan filaye, inda suke samar da iskar gas da ƙura mai iyo.Idan ba a kula da leach ɗin da aka samar a lokacin zubar da ƙasa yadda ya kamata ba, zai haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓatacciyar ƙasa, ƙazantar ƙasa da gurɓataccen ruwan ƙasa.
Konawa da zubar da ƙasa suna da babban lahani, kuma ƙarin amfani da sharar abinci zai taimaka wajen kiyaye muhalli da haɓaka amfani da albarkatu masu sabuntawa.
Yadda ake samar da sharar abinci ta zama taki.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan lambu, kayan kiwo, hatsi, burodi, wuraren kofi, kwai, nama da jaridu duk ana iya tashe su.Sharar abinci shine wakili na musamman na takin zamani wanda shine babban tushen kwayoyin halitta.Sharar abinci ta ƙunshi nau'ikan sinadarai iri-iri, kamar sitaci, cellulose, furotin lipids da salts inorganic, da N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, K wasu abubuwan ganowa.Sharar abinci tana da kyawawan abubuwan halitta, wanda zai iya kaiwa 85%.Yana da halaye na babban abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta, babban danshi da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, kuma yana da ƙimar sake amfani da shi.Saboda sharar abinci yana da halaye na babban abun ciki na danshi da tsarin ƙarancin ƙarancin jiki, yana da mahimmanci a haɗa sharar abinci sabo tare da wakili mai girma, wanda ke ɗaukar danshi mai yawa kuma yana ƙara tsari don haɗuwa.
Sharar gida tana da matakan da yawa na kwayoyin halitta, tare da furotin mai ƙima don 15% - 23%, mai don 17% - 24%, ma'adanai don 3% - 5%, Ca don 54%, sodium chloride don 3% - 4%, da dai sauransu.
Fasahar tsari da kayan aiki masu alaƙa don juyar da sharar abinci zuwa taki.
Sanannen abu ne cewa ƙarancin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yana haifar da gurɓata muhalli.A halin yanzu, wasu kasashen da suka ci gaba sun kafa tsarin kula da sharar abinci mai inganci.A Jamus, alal misali, sharar abinci ana kula da ita ne ta hanyar takin zamani da anaerobic fermentation, inda ake samar da kusan tan miliyan 5 na taki daga sharar abinci a kowace shekara.Ta hanyar sarrafa sharar abinci a Burtaniya, ana iya rage kusan tan miliyan 20 na hayakin CO2 kowace shekara.Ana amfani da takin zamani a kusan kashi 95% na biranen Amurka.Yin takin zamani na iya kawo fa'idodin muhalli iri-iri, gami da rage gurɓatar ruwa, kuma fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi na da yawa.
♦ Rashin ruwa
Ruwa shi ne ainihin abubuwan sharar abinci wanda ya kai kashi 70% -90%, wanda shine tushen lalacewar abinci.Don haka, bushewa shine mafi mahimmancin sashi a cikin aiwatar da canza sharar abinci zuwa taki.
Na'urar riga-kafi da sharar abinci shine mataki na farko na maganin sharar abinci.Ya ƙunshi Dewatering Systemà Systemà Ciyarwa Systemà Atomatik Rarraba Systemà Solid-Liquid separatorà Oil-Ruwa Separatorà In-takin ruwa.Ana iya raba ainihin kwararar ruwa zuwa matakai masu zuwa:
1. Sharar abinci dole ne a fara bushewa da ruwa domin yana dauke da ruwa da yawa.
2. Cire datti daga sharar abinci, kamar karafa, itace, robobi, takarda, yadudduka, da sauransu, ta hanyar rarrabawa.
3. Sharar abinci ana jerawa da kuma ciyar a cikin wani dunƙule irin m-ruwa SEPARATOR don murkushe, bushewa da kuma ragewa.
4. Ragowar abinci da aka matse ana bushewa kuma ana haifuwa a yanayin zafi mai zafi don cire danshi mai yawa da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.Lalacewa da bushewar sharar abinci da ake buƙata don cimma takin, da sharar abinci za a iya aika ta cikin takin cikin jirgin kai tsaye ta hanyar jigilar bel.
5. Ruwan da aka cire daga sharar abinci shine cakuda mai da ruwa, wanda ake raba shi da mai raba ruwan mai.Ana sarrafa man da aka keɓe cikin zurfi don samun biodiesel ko man masana'antu.
Dukan masana'antar zubar da sharar abinci tana da fa'idodi na babban fitarwa, aiki mai aminci, ƙarancin farashi da ɗan gajeren zagayen samarwa.
♦ Takin
Tankin fermentationwani nau'i ne na tanki mai cikakken rufaffiyar ta amfani da fasaha mai zafin zafin jiki na aerobic, wanda ya maye gurbin fasahar tara takin gargajiya.Rufaffen babban zafin jiki da tsarin takin mai sauri a cikin tanki yana samar da takin mai inganci, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi daidai da kwanciyar hankali.
Takin a cikin jirgin ruwa yana da kariya, kuma sarrafa zafin jiki shine mabuɗin mahimmanci yayin takin.Ana samun raguwa cikin sauri na kwayoyin halitta mai sauƙi ta hanyar kiyaye yanayin zafi mafi kyau ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Samun babban zafin jiki don kunna ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da iri iri ya zama dole.fermentation wani harbi ne wanda aka fara ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sharar abinci, suna rushe kayan takin, suna sakin kayan abinci, suna ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 60-70 ° C da ake buƙata don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da iri iri, da saduwa da ka'idoji don sarrafa sharar kwayoyin halitta.Takin cikin ruwa yana da mafi saurin ruɓewa, wanda zai iya tara sharar abinci a cikin kwanaki 4.Bayan kwanaki 4-7 kawai, takin yana fitar da shi, wanda ba shi da wari, tsafta, kuma mai wadatar kayan abinci, kuma yana da daidaiton darajar sinadirai.
Wannan mara wari, takin zamani na aseptic da taki ke samarwa ba wai kawai ceton ƙasar da ake cikawa ba ne don kare muhalli, amma kuma zai kawo wasu fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
♦ Granulation
Granular Organic takin mai maganisuna taka muhimmiyar rawa a dabarun samar da taki a duniya.Makullin inganta yawan amfanin gonakin takin gargajiya shine a zaɓi injin ɗin da ya dace da takin gargajiya.Granulation shine tsarin samar da kayan abu a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, yana haɓaka kaddarorin fasaha na kayan, hana caking da haɓaka kaddarorin kwarara, yin yuwuwar aikace-aikacen ƙaramin adadi, sauƙaƙe loading, sufuri, da dai sauransu. ta hanyar injin ɗin mu na takin zamani.Adadin granulation na kayan zai iya kaiwa 100%, kuma abun ciki na kwayoyin zai iya zama babba zuwa 100%.
Don Babban noma, girman barbashi wanda ya dace da amfanin kasuwa yana da mahimmanci.Injin mu na iya samar da takin gargajiya tare da girman daban-daban, kamar 0.5mm-1.3mm, 1.3mm-3mm, 2mm-5mm.Granulation na Organic takiyana ba da wasu hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don haɗa ma'adanai don ƙirƙirar taki mai gina jiki da yawa, ba da izinin ajiya mai yawa da marufi, da kuma samar da sauƙi na sarrafawa da aikace-aikace.Takin gargajiya na granular sun fi dacewa don amfani, ba su da wari mara kyau, iri iri, da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma an san tsarin su.Idan aka kwatanta da taki na dabba, suna ɗauke da nitrogen sau 4.3 (N), phosphorous sau 4 (P2O5) da kuma adadin potassium (K2O) sau 8.2.Granular taki yana inganta yuwuwar ƙasa ta hanyar haɓaka matakan humus, yawancin alamun yawan ƙasa ana inganta su: jiki, sinadarai, kaddarorin ƙasa da zafi, iska, tsarin zafi, da kuma amfanin gona.
♦ bushe da sanyi.
Rotary drum bushewa & sanyaya injigalibi ana amfani da su tare yayin layin samar da taki.An cire abun ciki na ruwa na takin gargajiya, an rage yawan zafin jiki na granules, cimma manufar haifuwa da deodorization.Matakan biyu na iya rage asarar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin granules da ingantacciyar ƙarfin barbashi.
♦ Sieve da kunshin.
Tsarin tantancewa shine raba waɗancan takin da ba su cancanta ba waɗanda aka kammala ta hanyarInjin duba ganga rotary.Ana aika takin granular da ba su cancanta ba don sake sarrafa su, yayin da ingantaccen takin zamani za a tattara su da su.atomatik marufi inji.
Fa'ida daga sharar abinci taki
Mayar da sharar abinci zuwa takin gargajiya na iya haifar da fa'idar tattalin arziki da muhalli wanda zai iya inganta lafiyar ƙasa da kuma taimakawa wajen rage zaizayar ƙasa da haɓaka ingancin ruwa.Hakanan za'a iya samar da iskar gas mai sabuntar da mai da man halittu daga sharar abinci da aka sake sarrafa, wanda zai iya taimakawa ragewagreenhouse gasfitar da hayaki da kuma dogaro da albarkatun mai.
Organic taki shine mafi kyawun gina jiki ga ƙasa.Yana da kyakkyawan tushen abinci mai gina jiki, ciki har da nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium da micronutrients, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don ci gaban shuka.Ba zai iya rage wasu kwari da cututtuka kawai ba, amma kuma rage buƙatar nau'in fungicides da sunadarai.Ingantattun takin gargajiyaza a yi amfani da su a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da noma, gonaki na gida da kuma a baje kolin furanni a wuraren jama'a, wanda kuma zai kawo fa'idar tattalin arziki kai tsaye ga masu samarwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-18-2021