Kula da yanayinsamar da takin gargajiya, a aikace, shine hulɗar kayan aikin jiki da na halitta a cikin tsarin takin.A gefe guda, yanayin kulawa yana hulɗa da haɗin kai.A gefe guda kuma, iskoki daban-daban suna haɗuwa tare, saboda bambancin yanayi da kuma saurin lalacewa daban-daban.
●Kula da danshi
Danshi shine muhimmin buƙatu don takin halitta.A cikin aikin takin taki, danshin dangi na ainihin kayan aikin takin yana da kashi 40% zuwa 70%, don tabbatar da ci gaban takin.Mafi dacewa abun ciki na danshi shine 60-70%.Danshi mai girma ko ƙarancin abu na iya tasiri ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na aerobiotic ta yadda yakamata a aiwatar da tsarin ruwa kafin haifuwa.Lokacin da abun ciki na kayan abu bai wuce 60% ba, dumama yana jinkirin, zafin jiki yana da ƙasa kuma digiri na lalacewa yana da ƙasa.Danshi yana da fiye da 70%, yana da tasiri akan samun iska, wanda ya zama cikin fermentation anaerobic, jinkirin dumama da rashin lalacewa.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa ƙara ruwa a cikin tudun takin na iya hanzarta balaga takin da kwanciyar hankali a cikin mafi yawan magana.Yawan ruwa ya kamata ya kasance 50-60%.Ya kamata a kara danshi bayan haka a kiyaye a 40% zuwa 50%, yayin da bai kamata ya zube ba.Ya kamata a sarrafa danshi a ƙasa da 30% a cikin samfuran.Idan danshi yana da girma, ya kamata ya bushe a zazzabi na 80 ℃.
●Kula da yanayin zafi
Zazzabi shine sakamakon ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Yana ƙayyade hulɗar kayan aiki.A zafin jiki na 30 ~ 50 ℃ a farkon matakin takin takin, aikin mesophile na iya haifar da zafi, yana haifar da zazzabi na takin.Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 55 ~ 60 ℃.Thermophilic microorganisms na iya rage yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta da sauri rushe cellulose a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.Babban zafin jiki shine yanayin da ake buƙata don kashe datti mai guba, ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayar ciyawa, da dai sauransu. A cikin yanayin al'ada, yana ɗaukar makonni 2 ~ 3 don kashe sharar gida mai haɗari a zazzabi na 55 ℃, 65 ℃ na mako 1. ko 70 ℃ na sa'o'i da yawa.
Abubuwan da ke cikin danshi shine abin da ke shafar zazzabi na takin.Yawan danshi na iya rage zafin takin.Daidaita danshin yana haifar da ɗumamawa a mataki na gaba na takin.Za a iya rage zafin jiki ta hanyar ƙara yawan danshi, guje wa yawan zafin jiki a cikin aikin takin.
Takin zamani wani abu ne na sarrafa zafin jiki.Yin takin zamani na iya sarrafa zafin kayan aiki da haɓaka ƙashin ruwa, tilasta iska ta cikin tudun.Hanya ce mai tasiri don rage yawan zafin jiki ta amfani dainji mai juya taki.An kwatanta shi da sauƙin aiki, ƙananan farashi da babban aiki.Don daidaita mitar takin yana sarrafa zafin jiki da lokacin matsakaicin zafin jiki.
●C/N rabo iko
Lokacin da rabon C/N ya dace, ana iya samar da takin cikin sauƙi.Idan rabon C/N ya yi yawa, saboda ƙarancin nitrogen da ƙayyadaddun yanayin girma, raguwar ɓarkewar kwayoyin halitta yakan zama sannu a hankali, yana haifar da tsayin lokacin taki.Idan rabon C/N yayi ƙasa da ƙasa, za'a iya amfani da carbon ɗin gabaɗaya a yi amfani da shi, ƙari na nitrogen yana yin hasarar nau'ikan ammonia.Ba wai kawai yana shafar muhalli ba har ma yana rage tasirin takin nitrogen.Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɗa protoplasm na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yayin takin kwayoyin halitta.A kan bushe bushe tushen, protoplasm ya ƙunshi 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen da 0. 25% phosphate.Saboda haka, masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa C/N mai dacewa na takin zamani shine 20-30%.
Ana iya daidaita rabon C/N na takin halitta ta hanyar ƙara kayan da ke ɗauke da babban carbon ko nitrogen mai girma.Wasu kayan, irin su bambaro, ciyawa, matattun itace da ganye, sun ƙunshi fibers, lignin da pectin.Saboda babban C/N, ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan ƙari na carbon.Saboda yawan abun ciki na nitrogen, ana iya amfani da takin dabbobi azaman abubuwan da ke da sinadarin nitrogen.Misali, takin alade yana dauke da sinadarin ammonium nitrogen wanda ke samuwa na kashi 80 cikin 100 na kwayoyin cuta, ta yadda za a inganta ci gaban kananan halittu da kuma haifuwa da kuma hanzarta balaga takin.Sabon nau'in kwayoyin taki granulatorya dace da wannan lokaci.Lokacin da kayan asali suka shiga cikin injin, ana iya ƙara abubuwan ƙari bisa ga buƙatu daban-daban.
●Samun iska da iskar oxygen
Yana da mahimmanci ga takin taki don samun isasshen iska da iskar oxygen.Babban aikinsa shine samar da iskar oxygen da ake bukata don ci gaban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Don daidaita yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar sarrafa iska don sarrafa matsakaicin zafin jiki na takin zamani da lokacin faruwa.Duk da yake kiyaye yanayin zafi mafi kyau, don ƙara yawan iska zai iya cire danshi.Ingantacciyar iska da iskar oxygen na iya rage asarar nitrogen, samar da malodor da danshi, wanda ke da sauƙin adana samfuran sarrafa ƙarin.
Danshi na takin yana da tasiri akan porosity aeration da ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai shafi amfani da iskar oxygen.Yana da ƙayyadaddun abu a cikin takin aerobic.Yana buƙatar sarrafa danshi da samun iska bisa ga kaddarorin kayan, don cimma daidaituwar ruwa da oxygen.Duk da yake la'akari da duka biyun, zai iya inganta haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da haifuwa da haɓaka yanayin sarrafawa.
Binciken ya nuna cewa yawan iskar oxygen yana ƙaruwa da ƙasa 60 ℃, ƙarancin amfani sama da 60 ℃ kuma kusa da sifili sama da 70 ℃.Ya kamata a sarrafa adadin iska da iskar oxygen daidai da yanayin zafi daban-daban.
● Gudanar da pH
Ƙimar pH tana tasiri ga tsarin takin zamani.A cikin matakin farko na takin gargajiya, pH yana shafar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.Misali, pH = 6.0 shine iyaka ga alade balagagge da ƙura.Yana hana carbon dioxide da samar da zafi a pH <6.0.Yana ƙaruwa da sauri a cikin carbon dioxide da kuma samar da zafi a PH> 6. 0. Yayin shigar da yanayin zafi mai girma, aikin haɗin gwiwar babban pH da zafin jiki mai girma yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na ammonia.Microbes suna raguwa zuwa Organic acid tare da takin, yana haifar da raguwar pH, zuwa 5 ko makamancin haka.Sannan kuma sinadarai masu rikiɗewa suna jujjuyawa saboda hauhawar zafin jiki.A halin yanzu, ammonia, wanda kwayoyin halitta suka lalata, yana sa pH ya tashi.A ƙarshe, yana daidaitawa a matsayi mai girma.A cikin babban zafin jiki na takin, ƙimar pH a 7.5 ~ 8.5 na iya cimma matsakaicin ƙimar takin.Maɗaukakin pH kuma yana iya haifar da juzu'i mai yawa na ammonia, don haka zai iya rage pH ta ƙari na alum da phosphoric acid.
A takaice dai, sarrafa ingancin takin ba abu ne mai sauki ba.Yana da in mun gwada da sauki ga a
yanayin guda ɗaya.Koyaya, ana hulɗa da kayan don cimma cikakkiyar haɓakar yanayin takin, kowane tsari yakamata a haɗa shi.Lokacin da yanayin sarrafawa ya dace, ana iya sarrafa takin da aka yi da kyau.Saboda haka, ya kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don samar da takin mai inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-18-2021