Sucroseyana da kashi 65-70% na yawan sukarin da ake samarwa a duniya, kuma tsarin samarwa yana buƙatar tururi mai yawa da wutar lantarki, kuma yana samar da raguwa mai yawa a matakai daban-daban na samarwa.
Kayayyaki da kayan abinci na sukari/sucrose.
A cikin aikin sarrafa rake, baya ga sikari, sukari da sauran manyan kayayyaki, akwai sludge, sludge, black sucrose molasses da sauran manyan kayayyaki guda 3.
Ciwon sukari: .
Slag na sukari shine ragowar fiber bayan an fitar da ruwan sukari.Ana amfani da slag na sukari da kyau wajen samar da takin gargajiya.To amma saboda tuwon suga ya kusan zama cellulose zalla, kusan babu sinadari, ba taki ba ne, don haka sai a kara da wasu sinadarai, musamman abubuwan da ke dauke da sinadarin nitrogen kamar su kore, tanda, taki alade da sauransu don karya shi. kasa.
Molasses: .
Molasses gishiri ne da aka rabu da sukarin C-grade yayin ci gaban molasses centriforation.Abubuwan da ake samu a kowace tan na molasses tsakanin 4 zuwa 4.5 bisa dari.An fitar da shi daga masana'anta a matsayin tarkace.Koyaya, molasses shine tushen kuzari mai kyau kuma mai sauri ga ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban da rayuwar ƙasa a cikin tudun takin ko ƙasa.Molasses suna da rabon carbon-to-nitrogen 27:1 kuma ya ƙunshi kusan 21% carbon mai narkewa.Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi don toya ko samar da ethanol a matsayin sinadari a cikin abincin shanu kuma shi ma taki ne na molasses.
Kashi na abubuwan gina jiki a cikin molasses.
| A'a. | Abinci mai gina jiki. | % |
| 1 | Sucrose | 30-35 |
| 2 | Glucose da fructose | 10-25 |
| 3 | Ruwa | 23-23.5 |
| 4 | Grey | 16-16.5 |
| 5 | Calcium da potassium | 4.8-5 |
| 6 | Abubuwan da ba na sukari ba | 2-3 |
| 7 | Sauran abubuwan ma'adinai | 1-2 |
Sugar factory taceruwa:.
Tace laka, babban ragowar samar da sukari, ita ce ragowar maganin ruwan rake ta hanyar tacewa, wanda ke da kashi 2% na nauyin murkushe sukari.Ana kuma santa da laka tace sucrose, sucrose slag, sucrose filter cake, sugar cane filter laka, sukari tace laka.
Sludge zai iya haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu kuma, ga wasu masana'antun sukari, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin sharar gida kuma yana iya haifar da matsaloli na gudanarwa da zubar da su.Idan aka jefar da shi yadda ya kamata zai iya gurbata iska da ruwan karkashin kasa.Don haka, maganin laka shine babban fifiko ga masana'antar sukari da sassan kare muhalli.
Aikace-aikacen tace laka: A gaskiya ma, saboda yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta da ma'adinai da ake buƙata don abinci mai gina jiki, an yi amfani da biredi a matsayin taki a Brazil, Indiya, Australia, Cuba, Pakistan, Taiwan, Afirka ta Kudu, Argentina da sauran ƙasashe. .Ana amfani da ita a matsayin cikakke ko wani bangare maimakon takin ma'adinai don noman rake da sauran amfanin gona.Bugu da ƙari, sludge shine ainihin albarkatun ƙasa don samar da ƙasa mai rai, wanda aka takin daga ragowar sharar ruwa da aka samar daga ayyukan distillery.
Darajar laka a matsayin kayan takin zamani.
Adadin samar da sukari don tace laka (65% abun ciki na ruwa) shine kusan 10:3, watau ton 10 na samar da sukari na iya samar da tan 1 na busassun laka.Jimlar yawan sukari a duniya a shekarar 2015 ya kai tan miliyan 117.2, inda Brazil, Indiya da China ke da kashi 75 cikin 100 na abin da ake nomawa a duniya.An kiyasta cewa Indiya na samar da kusan tan miliyan 520 na laka tace a kowace shekara.Kafin mu san yadda ake sarrafa sludge slag a muhalli, ya kamata mu ƙara koyo game da abun da ke ciki don nemo mafi kyawun bayani!
Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da sinadarai na rake suna tace laka:.
| A'a. | Siga. | Daraja |
| 1. | Ph. | 4.95% |
| 2. | Jimlar daskararru. | 27.87% |
| 3. | Jimlar daskararru masu canzawa. | 84.00% |
| 4. | COD | 117.60% |
| 5. | BOD (zazzabi 27 digiri C, kwanaki 5) | 22.20% |
| 6. | Organic carbon. | 48.80% |
| 7. | kwayoyin halitta. | 84.12% |
| 8. | Nitrogen | 1.75% |
| 9. | Phosphorus. | 0.65% |
| 10. | Potassium. | 0.28% |
| 11. | Sodium. | 0.18% |
| 12. | Calcium | 2.70% |
| 13. | Sulfate. | 1.07% |
| 14. | Sugar. | 7.92% |
| 15. | Kakin zuma da mai. | 4.65% |
Daga sama, ban da 20-25% na carbon Organic, laka kuma ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na alama da micronutrients.Laka kuma tana da wadata a cikin potassium, sodium da phosphorus.Yana da arziki a cikin phosphorus da kwayoyin halitta tare da babban abun ciki na danshi, wanda ya sa ya zama taki mai mahimmanci!Ko ba a sarrafa ko sarrafa ba.Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don ƙara darajar taki sun haɗa da takin gargajiya, maganin ƙwayoyin cuta, da haɗuwa da ruwan sharar ruwa...
Organic taki masana'antu tsari ga sludge da molasses.
Takin
Na farko sugar tace laka (87.8%), carbon abu (9.5%) kamar ciyawa foda, ciyawa foda, germ bran, alkama bran, safflow, sawdust, da dai sauransu, molasses (0.5%), mono-superphosphate The acid (2.0% ), sulfur laka (0.2%), da dai sauransu an gauraye su sosai kuma an jera su kusan mita 20 sama da ƙasa, faɗin mita 2.3-2.5, kuma tsayin kusan mita 2.6 a tsayin semicircular.Tukwici: Ya kamata faɗin tsayin titin ya dace da bayanan siga na motar takin da kuke amfani da su.
Ba da isasshen lokaci don tari ya yi laushi sosai kuma ya lalace, tsarin da ke ɗaukar kwanaki 14-21.A lokacin aikin takin, motsa kan tari kuma a fesa ruwa kowane kwana uku don kula da abun ciki na 50-60%.Mai jujjuyawar yana tabbatar da daidaito da kuma hadawa sosai na tari yayin aikin takin.Tukwici: Ana amfani da juji don haɗawa iri-iri da saurin zubar da baya, kuma kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci wajen samar da taki.
Lura: Idan abun cikin danshi ya yi yawa, ana buƙatar tsawaita lokacin fermentation.Sabanin haka, ƙananan abun ciki na ruwa na iya haifar da rashin cikar fermentation.Ta yaya zan gane idan takin ya lalace?Ruɓaɓɓen takin yana da siffa maras kyau, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, mara wari, kuma takin ya yi daidai da yanayin yanayin da ke kewaye.Danshi na takin bai wuce 20% ba.
Granulation.
Ana aika takin da ya lalace zuwa ga tsarin granulation - sabon injin sarrafa taki.
bushewa
Anan, molasses (0.5% na jimlar ɗanyen abu) da ruwa ana fesa kafin shigar da na'urar bushewa don samar da barbashi.Na'urar bushewa tana amfani da fasahar bushewa ta jiki don samar da barbashi a yanayin zafi na 240-250 C da rage danshi zuwa 10%.
Nunawa.
Bayan granulation, aika zuwa tsarin nunawa - abin nadi sieve extender.Matsakaicin girman bioferts yakamata ya zama diamita 5mm don gyare-gyare da amfani.Matsakaicin barbashi da ƙananan barbashi suna komawa ga tsarin granulation.
Marufi.
Ana aika nau'i-nau'i masu dacewa da girma zuwa tsarin marufi - na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta atomatik, ta hanyar cika jaka na atomatik, ana aika samfurin ƙarshe zuwa wurare daban-daban.
Halaye da ayyuka na takin gargajiya na laka tace.
- Babban juriya ga cuta:
A cikin aiwatar da maganin sludge, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka da sauri, suna samar da adadi mai yawa na maganin rigakafi, hormones da sauran takamaiman metabolites.Yin amfani da taki zuwa ƙasa na iya hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da ciyawa da inganta juriya na kwari da cututtuka.Ba a kula da rigar sludge kuma yana iya sauƙaƙe ƙwayoyin cuta, iri da ƙwai zuwa amfanin gona, yana shafar haɓakarsu.
- Kitso mai yawa:
Tun da lokacin fermentation shine kawai kwanaki 7-15, gwargwadon yiwuwar riƙe da kayan abinci mai tace laka, tare da bazuwar ƙwayoyin cuta, yana da wahala a sha kayan cikin kayan abinci masu inganci.Takin da aka tace da laka zai iya cike da sauri abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata don haɓaka amfanin gona da inganta ingantaccen taki.
- Inganta haifuwar ƙasa da haɓaka ƙasa:
Idan dogon lokacin amfani da guda taki, zai sannu a hankali cinye ƙasa haihuwa, sabõda haka, ƙasa microorganisms rage, sabõda haka, da enzyme abun ciki ne rage, colloidal lalacewa, sakamakon ƙasa solidification, acidification da salinization.Tace takin gargajiya na laka na iya sake haɗawa yashi, sassauta yumbu, hana ƙwayoyin cuta, maido da yanayin ƙasa, inganta yanayin ƙasa, da haɓaka ikon kula da danshi da abinci mai gina jiki.
- Inganta amfanin gona da inganci:
Abubuwan gina jiki na takin laka na tace laka ana shayar da su ta hanyar tsarin tushen da aka haɓaka da kuma nau'in ganye mai ƙarfi na amfanin gona, wanda ke haɓaka germination, girma, fure, germination da girma na amfanin gona.Yana inganta bayyanar da launi na kayan aikin gona sosai kuma yana ƙara zaƙi na sukari da 'ya'yan itace.Ana iya amfani da takin zamani na laka azaman taki na yau da kullun, a lokacin girma, ƙaramin adadin aikace-aikacen na iya biyan buƙatun ci gaban amfanin gona, don cimma kulawa da amfani da amfanin ƙasa.
- Yadu amfani:
Rake, ayaba, itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, kankana, kayan lambu, shayi, furanni, dankali, taba, abinci, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-22-2020