Sharar abinci na karuwa yayin da yawan al'ummar duniya ke karuwa kuma birane sun girma.Miliyoyin ton na abinci ne ake jefawa cikin sharar gida a duk shekara.Kusan kashi 30% na 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, hatsi, nama da kayan abinci na duniya ana zubar dasu kowace shekara.Sharar abinci ta zama babbar matsalar muhalli a kowace ƙasa.Yawancin sharar abinci na haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa, wanda ke lalata iska, ruwa, ƙasa da nau'ikan halittu.A gefe guda, sharar abinci tana rushewa ta hanyar anaerobic don samar da iskar gas kamar methane, carbon dioxide da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa.Sharar abinci tana samar da kwatankwacin ton biliyan 3.3 na iskar gas.Sharar da abinci kuwa, ana jefawa a cikin rumfunan da ke ɗauke da manyan filaye, inda suke samar da iskar gas da ƙura mai iyo.Idan ba a kula da leach ɗin da aka samar a lokacin zubar da ƙasa yadda ya kamata ba, zai haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓatacciyar ƙasa, ƙazantar ƙasa da gurɓataccen ruwan ƙasa.
Konawa da zubar da ƙasa suna da babban lahani, kuma ƙarin amfani da sharar abinci zai taimaka wajen kiyaye muhalli da haɓaka amfani da albarkatu masu sabuntawa.
Yadda ake samar da sharar abinci ta zama taki.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan lambu, kayan kiwo, hatsi, burodi, wuraren kofi, kwai, nama da jaridu duk ana iya tashe su.Sharar abinci shine wakili na musamman na takin zamani wanda shine babban tushen kwayoyin halitta.Sharar abinci ta hada da sinadarai irin su sitaci, cellulose, protein lipids da inorganic salts, da kuma abubuwan gano abubuwa kamar,,,,,,,, N,P,,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,K, da sauransu.Sharar abinci ta tashi. zuwa 85% biodegradable.Yana da halaye na babban abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta, babban abun ciki na ruwa da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, kuma yana da ƙimar sake amfani da shi.Saboda sharar abinci tana da halaye na babban abun ciki na danshi da ƙarancin tsari na jiki, yana da mahimmanci a haɗa sharar abinci sabo tare da wakili mai huɗa, wanda ke sha ruwa mai yawa kuma yana ƙara tsari don haɗuwa.
Sharar gida yana da matakan kwayoyin halitta masu yawa, tare da ɗanyen furotin da ke lissafin 15% - 23%, mai don 17% - 24%, ma'adanai don 3% - 5%, Ca don 54%, sodium chloride don 3% - 4%; da dai sauransu.
Fasahar tsari da kayan aiki masu alaƙa don juyar da sharar abinci zuwa taki.
Sanannen abu ne cewa ƙarancin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yana haifar da gurɓata muhalli.A halin yanzu, wasu kasashen da suka ci gaba sun kafa tsarin kula da sharar abinci mai inganci.A Jamus, alal misali, sharar abinci ana kula da ita ne ta hanyar takin zamani da anaerobic fermentation, inda ake samar da kusan tan miliyan 5 na taki daga sharar abinci a kowace shekara.Ta hanyar sarrafa sharar abinci a Burtaniya, ana iya rage kusan tan miliyan 20 na hayakin CO2 kowace shekara.Ana amfani da takin zamani a kusan kashi 95% na biranen Amurka.Yin takin zamani na iya kawo fa'idodin muhalli iri-iri, gami da rage gurɓatar ruwa, kuma fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi na da yawa.
Rashin ruwa.
Ruwa shine ainihin abubuwan sharar abinci wanda aka lissafta 70% -90%, shine tushen dalilin ingancin sharar abinci.Don haka, rashin ruwa shine mafi mahimmancin hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin aiwatar da canza sharar abinci zuwa taki.
Na'urar riga-kafi da sharar abinci shine mataki na farko na maganin sharar abinci.Ya yafi hada da: m sieve dewatering inji, splitter, atomatik rabuwa tsarin, m ruwa SEPARATOR, mai da ruwa SEPARATOR, fermentation tank.
Ana iya raba tsarin asali zuwa sassa masu zuwa: .
1. Sharar abinci dole ne a fara bushewa da ruwa domin yana dauke da ruwa da yawa.
2. Cire sharar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba daga sharar abinci, kamar karafa, itace, robobi, takarda, yadudduka da sauransu, ta hanyar rarrabawa.
3. An zaɓi sharar abinci kuma an ciyar da shi a cikin mai raba ruwa mai kauri don murƙushewa, bushewa da lalata.
4. Ragowar abinci da aka matse ana bushewa kuma ana haifuwa a yanayin zafi mai zafi don cire danshi mai yawa da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.Za a iya ciyar da kyaututtuka da bushewar sharar abinci da ake buƙata don takin, da kuma sharar abinci, kai tsaye a cikin tankin fermentation ta hanyar jigilar bel.
5. Ruwan da aka cire daga sharar abinci shine cakuda mai da ruwa, wanda ake raba shi da mai raba ruwan mai.Ana sarrafa man da aka keɓe cikin zurfi don samun biodiesel ko man masana'antu.
Na'urar tana da abũbuwan amfãni na babban fitarwa, aiki mai aminci, ƙananan farashi da gajeren zagayowar samarwa.Ta hanyar magance rashin lahani na raguwar albarkatu da sharar abinci, ana guje wa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abinci a cikin tsarin sufuri.Akwai da yawa model zabi daga a cikin masana'anta, kamar 500kg / h, 1t / h, 3t / h, 5t / h, 10t / h, da dai sauransu.
Takin
Tankin fermentation wani nau'i ne na tanki mai cikakkar ruɗewa ta amfani da fasaha mai zafin zafin jiki na aerobic, wanda ya maye gurbin fasahar tara takin gargajiya.Rufe babban zafin jiki da tsarin takin mai sauri a cikin tanki yana samar da takin mai inganci, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi daidai, bazuwar sauri kuma ingancin samfurin ya fi kwanciyar hankali.
Takin da ke cikin akwati ya keɓanta da zafi, kuma sarrafa zafin jiki yayin takin yana da mahimmanci.Ta hanyar kiyaye yanayin zafi mafi kyau don ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin halitta na iya zama da sauri bazuwa kuma ana iya samun haifuwa mai zafi, qwai da tsaba za a iya samu a lokaci guda.Ana ƙaddamar da fermentation ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasowa a cikin sharar abinci waɗanda ke rushe kayan takin, sakin kayan abinci mai gina jiki, haɓaka zafin jiki zuwa digiri 60-70 C da ake buƙata don kashe ƙwayar cutar sankara, kuma suna bin ƙa'idodi don maganin sharar kwayoyin.Za'a iya takin sharar abinci a cikin kwanaki 4 kacal ta amfani da tankunan fermentation.Bayan kwanaki 4-7 kacal, takin ya lalace sosai kuma ya fita, kuma ruɓaɓɓen takin ba shi da wari kuma ana kashe shi don ya kasance mai wadatar ma'aunin sinadirai.Wannan samar da takin da ba shi da ɗanɗano, maras amfani, ba wai kawai ya ceci ƙasar da ake zubar da ƙasa don kare muhalli ba, har ma zai kawo wasu fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
Granulation.
Particulate Organic taki ya mamaye wani muhimmin matsayi a kasuwar taki a duniya.Makullin don haɓaka ƙarfin samar da takin gargajiya shine don zaɓar injin ɗin da ya dace.Granulation shine tsari na samar da ƙananan barbashi na kayan albarkatun halitta, wanda zai iya inganta aikin albarkatun kayan aiki don hana tubalan daga haɓaka motsi, ta yadda ƙananan aikace-aikace na iya zama da sauƙi don saukewa, sufuri da sauransu.Ana iya samar da duk albarkatun ƙasa zuwa takin gargajiya ta hanyar injin ɗin mu na granulation.Material granulation rates na iya zama har zuwa 100% kuma kwayoyin abun ciki na iya zama kamar 100%.
Ga manyan noma, granularity don amfanin kasuwa yana da mahimmanci.Our inji iya samar da Organic takin mai magani na 0.5mm-1.3mm, 1.3mm-3mm, 2mm-5mm a daban-daban masu girma dabam.Ƙwararren takin zamani na samar da wasu hanyoyin da za a iya haɗawa da ma'adanai don samar da takin mai gina jiki iri-iri, yana ba da damar adana adadi mai yawa da kuma tattara su don kasuwanci da aikace-aikacen sauƙi.Granular Organic takin mai magani yana da sauƙin amfani ba tare da wari mara kyau ba, iri iri da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma sanannen abun da ke ciki.Idan aka kwatanta da sharar dabbobi, abun da ke cikin su na nitrogen N shine sau 4.3 fiye da na farko, abun ciki na phosphorus P2O5 shine sau 4 na karshen, kuma abun ciki na potassium K2O shine sau 8.2 na karshen.Particulate Organic taki inganta ƙasa yawan amfanin ƙasa, ƙasa ta jiki, sinadaran, microbiological Properties da zafi, iska da zafi ta ƙara humus matakin, yayin da kara amfanin gona amfanin gona.
bushe da sanyi.
A lokacin samar da takin zamani, ana amfani da na'urar bushewa da na'urar sanyaya a hade.Rage danshi na kwayoyin takin zamani da rage zafin barbashi don cimma burin sterilizing deodorization.Wadannan matakai guda biyu suna rage asarar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin takin gargajiya don sanya barbashi su zama daidai da santsi.
Sefe kunshin.
Ana aiwatar da tsarin nunawa ta hanyar abin nadi na biyu na biyu don tace abubuwan da ba su dace ba.Abubuwan da ba su dace ba za a jigilar su ta hanyar jigilar kaya zuwa blender don sake sarrafawa, kuma ingantattun takin zamani za a tattara ta injin marufi ta atomatik.
Amfana daga takin gargajiya a cikin abinci.
Mayar da sharar abinci zuwa takin gargajiya na iya haifar da fa'idar tattalin arziki da muhalli wanda zai iya inganta lafiyar ƙasa da kuma taimakawa wajen rage zaizayar ƙasa da haɓaka ingancin ruwa.Hakanan za'a iya samar da iskar gas mai sabuntawa da kuma man halittu daga sharar abinci da aka sake yin amfani da su, wanda zai iya taimakawa rage hayakin iskar gas da kuma dogaro da mai.
Takin gargajiya shine mafi kyawun sinadirai ga ƙasa kuma yana da fa'idodi da yawa ga ƙasa.Yana da kyakkyawan tushen abinci mai gina jiki, ciki har da nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium da micronutrients, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don ci gaban shuka.Hakanan yana iya sarrafa wasu kwari da cututtuka na shuka, amma kuma yana rage buƙatar ƙwayoyin fungicides da sinadarai iri-iri.Za a yi amfani da takin zamani masu inganci a fannoni daban-daban da suka hada da baje kolin furanni a aikin gona, gonaki da wuraren jama'a, wanda kuma zai kawo fa'idar tattalin arziki kai tsaye ga masu samarwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-22-2020