Magani mai ma'ana da ingantaccen amfani da taki na dabbobi na iya kawo babbar riba ga yawancin manoma, amma kuma don inganta haɓaka masana'antar su.
Halittu kwayoyin takiwani nau'i ne na taki mai aikin takin zamani da takin zamani, wanda galibi ana samunsa ne daga ragowar dabbobi da tsirrai (kamar takin dabbobi, bambaro, da dai sauransu) kuma ana hada shi ta hanyar magani mara lahani.
Wannan yana ƙayyade cewa takin halitta na halitta yana da abubuwa biyu: 1) takamaiman aikin ƙwayoyin cuta.2) bi da kwayoyin sharar gida.
1) Specific microorganism na aiki
Takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki a cikin takin gargajiya na halitta yawanci suna magana ne akan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi da actinomycetes, waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka canjin kayan abinci na ƙasa da haɓakar amfanin gona bayan aikace-aikacen ƙasa.Ana iya rarraba takamaiman ayyuka kamar haka:
1. Bakteriya masu gyara Nitrogen:
(1) kwayoyin cuta masu gyara nitrogen: galibi suna nufin rhizobia amfanin gona na leguminous kamar: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, na yau da kullun ammonia-kayyade rhizobia seedlings, da dai sauransu;Kwayoyin cututtukan da ba su da leguminous mai daidaita nitrogen kamar su Franklinella, Cyanobacteria, ingancinsu na gyaran nitrogen ya fi girma.
(2) Bakteriya masu gyara nitrogen ta atomatik: irin su bakteriya masu gyara nitrogen mai launin ruwan kasa, ƙwayoyin cuta na photoynthetic, da sauransu.
(3) Bakteriya masu gyara nitrogen ta haɗin gwiwa: tana nufin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za su iya zama kaɗai lokacin da suke zaune a cikin tushen tushen ganye da ganye na rhizosphere, irin su Pseudomonas genus, lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, da dai sauransu.
2. Phosphorus narkar da (narkar da) fungi: Bacillus (irin su Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, da dai sauransu), Pseudomonas (kamar Pseudomonas fluorescens), Nitrogen-kafaffen kwayoyin cuta, Rhizobium, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Rhizobium, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Aspergillus Nigeriya, Penhillipus Niger, Penhillipus Niger, Penhillipus Niger, Penhillipus Niger, Penhillipus Niger, Penhillipus Niger, Penhilipus, Penhillipus, Nijer, Penhillipus, Penhillipus, Penhillipus, Nijer, Penhillipus. , Streptomyces, da dai sauransu.
3. Narkar da (narkar da) kwayoyin potassium: kwayoyin silicate (irin su colloid Bacillus, colloid Bacillus, cyclosporillus), kwayoyin potassium marasa silicate.
4. Magungunan rigakafi: Trichoderma (irin su Trichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (irin su Streptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis iri, da dai sauransu.
5. Rhizosphere masu haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɓaka girma.
6. Kwamfutar Haske: Yankunan Haske na halittun na halittar bishoni da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar bishon na halittar.Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta ne na aerobic waɗanda zasu iya girma a gaban hydrogen kuma sun dace da samar da takin halitta na halitta.
7. Ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps da Bacillus.
8. Cellulose bazuwar kwayoyin cuta: thermophilic lateral spora, Trichoderma, Mucor, da dai sauransu.
9. Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki: bayan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun shiga cikin ƙasa, za su iya ɓoye abubuwa masu aiki na physiological don tada da daidaita girman shuka.Wasu daga cikinsu suna da tasirin tsarkakewa da lalatawa akan gubobi na ƙasa, irin su yisti da ƙwayoyin lactic acid.
2) Kayayyakin halitta da aka samu daga ragowar dabbobin da suka lalace.Kayayyakin halitta ba tare da fermentation ba, ba za a iya amfani da su kai tsaye don yin taki ba, kuma ba za su iya shiga kasuwa ba.
Domin su sa ƙwayoyin cuta su yi mu'amala da ɗanyen abu kuma su sami cikakken fermentation, ana iya motsa shi ko'ina ta hanyar.inji mai juya takikamar yadda a kasa:
Kayayyakin halitta da aka fi amfani da su:
(1) Taki: kaza, alade, saniya, tumaki, doki da sauran taki na dabba;
(2) Bambaro: ciyawar masara, bambaro, bambaron alkama, bambaro waken soya da sauran ciyawar shuka;
(3) karas da kambun baki.Garin shinkafa, garin gyada, garin nonon gyada, kambun shinkafa, naman gwari, da sauransu;
(4) dregs: distiller's dregs, soya sauce dregs, vinegar dregs, furfural dregs, xylose dregs, enzyme dregs, tafarnuwa dregs, sugar dregs, da dai sauransu.
(5) cin abinci.Keken waken soya, abincin waken soya, mai, wainar fyade, da sauransu.
(6) Sauran sludge na cikin gida, tace laka na matatar sukari, laka, laka, da sauransu.
Ana iya amfani da waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa azaman albarkatun kayan abinci na taimako don samar da takin halitta na halitta bayan fermentation.
Tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta da bazuwar kayan halitta waɗannan yanayi biyu za a iya yin su da takin halitta.
1) Hanyar ƙara kai tsaye
1, zaɓi takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta: ana iya amfani da su azaman iri ɗaya ko biyu, aƙalla ba su wuce nau'ikan uku ba, saboda yawan zaɓin ƙwayoyin cuta, suna gasa don samun abinci mai gina jiki a tsakanin juna, kai tsaye yana haifar da aikin haɗin gwiwa na diyya.
2. Kididdigar adadin adadin: bisa ga ma'auni na NY884-2012 na takin halittu masu rai a kasar Sin, yawan tasirin kwayoyin halittu masu rai ya kamata ya kai 0.2 miliyan / g.A cikin ton ɗaya na kayan halitta, ya kamata a ƙara fiye da kilogiram 2 na takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki tare da ingantaccen adadin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai ≥10 biliyan/g ya kamata a ƙara.Idan adadin kwayoyin da ke aiki ya kai biliyan 1/g, fiye da kilogiram 20 za a buƙaci a ƙara, da sauransu.Ya kamata ƙasashe daban-daban su ƙara da hankali a cikin ma'auni daban-daban.
3. Hanyar ƙarawa: Ƙara ƙwayar cuta mai aiki (foda) zuwa kayan da aka ƙera bisa ga hanyar da aka ba da shawara a cikin littafin aiki, motsawa a ko'ina kuma kunshe shi.
4. Tsare-tsare: (1) Kada a bushe da zafi sama da 100 ℃, in ba haka ba zai kashe kwayoyin cutar da ke aiki.Idan ya zama dole don bushewa, ya kamata a kara shi bayan bushewa.(2) Saboda dalilai daban-daban, abun ciki na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin takin gargajiya na halitta wanda aka shirya ta daidaitaccen hanyar ƙididdigewa sau da yawa ba ya zuwa daidaitattun bayanai, don haka a cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen, ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki gabaɗaya suna ƙara sama da 10% sama da ingantaccen bayanai. .
2) tsufa na sakandare da hanyar al'ada ta fadada
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar ƙari kai tsaye, wannan hanya tana da fa'idar ceton farashin ƙwayoyin cuta.Ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine ana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje don ƙayyade adadin takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta don ƙarawa, yayin ƙara ɗan ƙaramin tsari.Ana ba da shawarar cewa ƙarin adadin ya zama kashi 20% ko sama da haka na hanyar ƙari kai tsaye, kuma ya kai ma'aunin takin halitta na ƙasa ta hanyar tsufa na sakandare.Matakan aikin sune kamar haka:
1. Zabi takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta (foda): suna iya zama iri ɗaya ko biyu, aƙalla ba su wuce nau'ikan uku ba, saboda yawan zaɓin ƙwayoyin cuta, suna fafatawa da abinci mai gina jiki a tsakanin juna, kai tsaye yana haifar da tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.
2. Kididdigar adadin kari: bisa ga ma'aunin takin zamani na kasar Sin, yawan tasirin kwayoyin halittu masu rai ya kamata ya kai miliyan 0.2/g.A cikin ton ɗaya na kayan halitta, ingantaccen adadin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai ≥10 biliyan / g na takamaiman aikin ƙwayoyin cuta (foda) yakamata a ƙara aƙalla 0.4 kg.Idan adadin kwayoyin cutar da ke aiki ya kai biliyan 1/g, za a buƙaci a ƙara fiye da 4 kg, da sauransu.Kasashe daban-daban yakamata su bi ka'idodi daban-daban don ƙari mai ma'ana.
3. Ƙara hanyar: da aikin kwayan cuta (foda) da kuma alkama bran, shinkafa husk foda, bran ko wani daya daga cikinsu don hadawa, kai tsaye ƙara zuwa ga fermented Organic kayan, hadawa ko'ina, stacked for 3-5 kwanaki don yin takamaiman. aikin kwayoyin cutar kai.
4. Danshi da zafin jiki kula: a lokacin stacking fermentation, da danshi da zafin jiki ya kamata a sarrafa bisa ga nazarin halittu halaye na aiki kwayoyin.Idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa, ya kamata a rage tsayin dakaru.
5. Specific aiki kwayoyin abun ciki ganowa: bayan karshen stacking, Samfur da aika zuwa ga ma'aikata tare da microbial ganewa ikon na farko gwajin ko abun ciki na takamaiman microorganisms iya saduwa da misali, idan za a iya cimma, za ka iya yin nazarin halittu Organic taki. ta wannan hanya.Idan ba a samu wannan ba, ƙara ƙarin adadin takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki zuwa 40% na hanyar ƙari kai tsaye kuma maimaita gwajin har zuwa nasara.
6. Tsare-tsare: Kada a bushe da zafi sama da 100 ℃, in ba haka ba zai kashe kwayoyin cuta.Idan ya zama dole don bushewa, ya kamata a kara shi bayan bushewa.
A cikin samar da takin zamani bayan haifuwa, yawanci kayan foda ne, wanda galibi ke tashi da iska a lokacin rani, yana haifar da asarar albarkatun ƙasa da gurɓataccen ƙura.Sabili da haka, don rage ƙura da hana caking, ana amfani da tsarin granulation sau da yawa.Kuna iya amfani da granulator na hakori mai motsawa a cikin hoton da ke sama don granulation, ana iya amfani da shi zuwa humic acid, carbon black, kaolin da sauran abubuwan da ke da wuyar granulate.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba 18-2021