Haɗin kayan albarkatun ƙasa shine mafi mahimmanci kuma ainihin ɓangaren samar da takin gargajiya, yana kuma rinjayar mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren ingancin takin gargajiya, fermentation na albarkatun ƙasa shine ainihin hulɗar jiki da na halitta. halaye na albarkatun kasa a cikin aiwatar da takin gargajiya.A ɗaya hannun, yanayin fermentation yana hulɗa tare da haɓakawa cikin jituwa.A gefe guda kuma, an haɗa nau'ikan albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban, saboda kaddarorin daban-daban, adadin ruɓewa shima ya bambanta.
Muna sarrafa tsarin fermentation galibi daga abubuwa masu zuwa:
Danshi abun ciki.
Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na dangi na takin albarkatun ƙasa a cikin aikin takin shine 40% zuwa 70%, kuma mafi dacewa abun ciki na ruwa shine 60-70% don tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaba na takin.Babban ko ƙananan abun ciki na kayan zai shafi ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na aerobic kuma suna buƙatar gyara don danshi kafin fermentation.Lokacin da abun ciki na ruwa na abu ya kasance ƙasa da 60%, zafin jiki yana jinkirin kuma ƙananan bazuwa ba shi da kyau.Danshi fiye da 70% yana shafar samun iska don samar da fermentation anaerobic dumama jinkirin bazuwar tasirin ba shine manufa ba.
Bincike ya nuna cewa ruwan da ke cikin tulin takin na iya inganta rubewa da kwanciyar hankali na takin yayin mafi yawan matakai na ƙwayoyin cuta.Ya kamata a kiyaye adadin ruwa a 50-60% a farkon takin.Tun daga wannan lokacin, danshi ya kasance a kashi 40 zuwa 50 cikin 100 kuma a ka'ida ba za a iya fitar da ɗigon ruwa ba.Bayan fermentation, danshi abun ciki na albarkatun kasa ya kamata a sarrafa a kasa 30%, idan ruwa abun ciki ne high ya zama 80degrees C bushewa.
Kula da yanayin zafi.
Zazzabi shine sakamakon ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Yana ƙayyade hulɗar tsakanin albarkatun ƙasa.A farkon zafin jiki na digiri 30 zuwa 50 na ma'aunin celcius, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu tsananin zafi suna ƙasƙantar da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta kuma da sauri suna rushe cellulose cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ta haka ne ke haɓaka haɓakar zafin takin.Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 55 zuwa 60 Celsius.Babban zafin jiki ya zama dole don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwai, iri iri da sauran abubuwa masu guba da cutarwa.Kashe abubuwan haɗari na sa'o'i, a yanayin zafi na 55degrees, 65 ℃, digiri C, da digiri 70 C. Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar makonni 2 zuwa 3 a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin jiki na al'ada.
Mun ambata a baya cewa abun ciki danshi abu ne da ke shafar zafin takin.Ruwa da yawa zai rage zafin takin, daidaita danshi yana da amfani ga ƙarshen dumama takin.Hakanan yana yiwuwa a rage zafin jiki ta hanyar ƙara danshi don guje wa yanayin zafi yayin takin.
Juya tari wata hanya ce ta sarrafa zafin jiki.Ta hanyar jujjuya tsibin na iya sarrafa yanayin zafin na'urar yadda ya kamata don ƙara fitar da ruwa ta yadda da iska mai kyau zuwa cikin tudun.Tafiya juji hanya ce mai inganci don rage zafin jiki na tsibi.Yana da halaye na aiki mai sauƙi da farashi mai kyau da kyakkyawan aiki.The fermentation zafin jiki da kuma high zafin jiki lokaci za a iya yadda ya kamata sarrafa ta akai dumping.
Karbon-nitrogen rabo.
Daidaitaccen carbon nitrogen zai iya inganta fermentation mai santsi na takin.Idan rabon carbon-nitrogen ya yi yawa, raguwar adadin kwayoyin halitta yana raguwa saboda rashin nitrogen da iyakancewar yanayin girma, yana haifar da tsawon lokacin taki.Idan rabon carbon-nitrogen ya yi ƙarancin carbon-carbon za a iya amfani da shi gabaɗaya, wuce gona da iri na nitrogen a cikin nau'in asarar ammonia.Ba wai kawai yana rinjayar yanayin ba, har ma yana rage tasirin takin nitrogen.Kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da zuriyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin haifuwar kwayoyin halitta.Zuriyar sun ƙunshi 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen da 0. 25% phosphoric acid.Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar takin C/N mai dacewa na 20-30%.
Ana iya daidaita rabon carbon-nitrogen na takin halitta ta hanyar ƙara babban carbon ko nitrogen.Wasu kayan, kamar bambaro, ciyawa, matattun rassan da ganye, sun ƙunshi fiber, ligand da pectin.Saboda yawan abun ciki na carbon/nitrogen, ana iya amfani da shi azaman ƙarar carbon.Babban abun ciki na nitrogen na dabba da taki na kaji za a iya amfani da shi azaman babban ƙari na nitrogen.Misali, yawan amfani da nitrogen ammonia a cikin takin alade shine 80% na ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke inganta haɓaka da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka lalata takin.
Samun iska da iskar oxygen.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a sami isasshen iska da iskar oxygen don fermentation na taki.Babban aikinsa shine samar da iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.Matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin faruwar takin ana sarrafa su ta hanyar sarrafa iska don daidaita yanayin takin.Ƙara samun iska yayin kiyaye yanayin zafi mafi kyau yana kawar da danshi.Samun iska mai kyau da iskar oxygen na iya rage asarar nitrogen da samar da wari a cikin takin.
Danshi na takin gargajiya yana da tasiri akan numfashi, ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma amfani da iskar oxygen.Yana da ƙayyadaddun abu a cikin takin aerobic.Yana buƙatar sarrafa danshi da samun iska bisa ga kaddarorin kayan, don cimma daidaituwar ruwa da iskar oxygen.A lokaci guda, duka biyu, don haɓaka haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da haifuwa don haɓaka yanayin fermentation.
Sakamakon ya nuna cewa yawan iskar oxygen ya karu da yawa a kasa da digiri 60 C, a hankali a hankali a 60 digiri C ko sama, kuma kusa da 0 sama da digiri 70 C. Ya kamata a daidaita yawan iska da oxygen bisa ga yanayin zafi daban-daban.
pH iko.
A pH yana rinjayar duk tsarin fermentation.A cikin matakan farko na takin gargajiya, pH yana shafar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.Alal misali, pH?6.0 shine mahimmancin mahimmanci ga taki na alade da sawdust.Yana hana samar da carbon dioxide da zafi a pH slt; 6.0.A ƙimar PH na 6.0, CO2 da zafi yana ƙaruwa da sauri.Lokacin shigar da babban yanayin zafin jiki, aikin haɗin gwiwa na babban pH da zafin jiki yana haifar da ammonia volaten.Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna rushe kwayoyin acid ta hanyar takin, suna rage pH zuwa kusan 5. Ƙaƙƙarfan kwayoyin halitta na iya ƙafe yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi.A lokaci guda, lalatawar ammonia ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta yana ƙara pH.A ƙarshe yana daidaitawa a matsayi mafi girma.A yanayin zafi mai girma, pH daga 7.5 zuwa 8.5 na iya kaiwa matsakaicin ƙimar takin.Maɗaukakin pH kuma yana iya haifar da haɓakar ammonia da yawa, don haka zaku iya rage pH ta ƙara alum da phosphoric acid.
A taƙaice, sarrafa ingantaccen aiki da fermentation na albarkatun ɗan adam ba mai sauƙi ba ne.Wannan yana da sauƙin sauƙi ga albarkatun kasa guda ɗaya.Koyaya, nau'ikan albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban suna hulɗa kuma suna hana juna.Don cimma cikakkiyar haɓakar yanayin takin zamani, ana buƙatar haɗin gwiwar kowane tsari.Lokacin da yanayin kulawa ya dace, ana aiwatar da fermentation lafiya, don haka aza harsashi don samar da takin gargajiya masu inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-22-2020