Sarrafa sharadi na samar da taki shine hulɗar halaye na zahiri da na halitta a cikin tsarin takin zamani.An daidaita yanayin sarrafawa ta hanyar hulɗa.Saboda kaddarorin daban-daban da saurin lalacewa, dole ne a haɗa bututun iska daban-daban tare.
Kula da danshi.
Danshi shine muhimmin abin da ake buƙata na takin gargajiya, yayin da ake aiwatar da takin, ƙarancin ruwa na ɗanyen takin shine 40% zuwa 70%, wanda ke tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaba na takin.Mafi dacewa abun ciki na danshi shine 60-70%.Maɗaukaki ko ƙananan ƙarancin abun ciki na kayan yana rinjayar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na aerobic, don haka ya kamata a aiwatar da tsarin ruwa kafin fermentation.Lokacin da danshi abun ciki ya kasa da 60%, da dumama gudun ne jinkirin da zazzabi ne low bazuwa.Danshi fiye da 70%, yana da tasiri akan samun iska, samuwar anaerobic fermentation, jinkirin dumama, rashin lalacewa da sauransu.Ƙara ruwa a cikin tudun takin na iya hanzarta balaga da kwanciyar hankali na takin.Ruwa ya kamata a kiyaye a 50-60%.Bayan haka, ƙara danshi don kiyaye shi a 40% zuwa 50%.
Kula da yanayin zafi.
Sakamakon sakamako ne na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke ƙayyade hulɗar kayan aiki.A matakin farko na tarin takin, zafin jiki yana da digiri 30 zuwa 50 digiri C, kuma aikin zubar da jini yana haifar da zafi, wanda ke haifar da zazzabi na takin.Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 55 zuwa 60 Celsius.Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu zafi suna ƙasƙantar da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta kuma suna rushe cellulose da sauri cikin kankanin lokaci.Babban yanayin zafi ya zama dole don kashe datti mai guba, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta da iri iri, da sauransu. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, yana ɗaukar makonni 2 zuwa 3 don kashe sharar haɗari a yanayin zafi na 55 zuwa 65degreesC, ko sa'o'i da yawa a digiri 70 C. Danshi abun ciki shine wani abu da ke shafar zafin takin.Danshi mai yawa yana rage zafin takin.Daidaita abun ciki na ruwa a lokacin takin yana haifar da canjin yanayi.Ta hanyar haɓaka abun ciki na danshi da kuma guje wa yawan zafin jiki yayin da ake yin takin, ana iya rage yawan zafin jiki.
Takin zamani wani abu ne na sarrafa zafin jiki.Yin takin yana iya sarrafa zafin kayan, haɓaka ƙashin ruwa da tilasta iska ta cikin tudun.Yin amfani da takin mai tafiya a kan takin juyawa hanya ce mai tasiri don rage yawan zafin jiki.An kwatanta shi da sauƙin aiki, ƙananan farashi da babban aiki.Daidaita mitar takin don sarrafa zafin jiki da lokacin matsakaicin zafin jiki.
C/N rabo iko.
Lokacin da rabon C/N ya dace, ana iya aiwatar da takin cikin sauƙi.Idan ma'aunin C/N ya yi yawa, saboda ƙarancin nitrogen da ƙayyadaddun yanayin girma, raguwar sharar kwayoyin halitta yana raguwa, yana haifar da tsawon lokacin takin taki.Idan rabon C/N yayi ƙasa da ƙasa, za'a iya amfani da carbon gabaɗaya kuma an rasa ƙarancin nitrogen a cikin nau'in ammonia.Ba wai kawai yana rinjayar yanayi ba, har ma yana rage tasirin takin nitrogen.Kwayoyin halitta suna samar da zuri'a na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin aiwatar da takin halitta.A kan busasshen nauyi, albarkatun ƙasa sun ƙunshi 50% carbon da 5% nitrogen da 0.25% phosphate.Don haka, masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa takin C/N mai dacewa shine 20-30%.
Ana iya daidaita rabon C/N na takin halitta ta hanyar ƙara kayan da ke ɗauke da babban carbon ko nitrogen.Wasu kayan kamar bambaro da ciyawa da matattun itace da ganye sun ƙunshi fiber da ligands da pectin.Saboda girmansa C/N, ana iya amfani da shi azaman babban kayan ƙari na carbon.Saboda yawan abun ciki na nitrogen, ana iya amfani da takin dabbobi azaman ƙarar nitrogen mai yawa.Misali, takin alade ya ƙunshi kashi 80% na nitrogen ammonium da ake samu ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haɓaka haɓaka da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta yadda ya kamata kuma yana haɓaka maturation na takin.Sabuwar injin granulation taki ya dace da wannan matakin.Za'a iya ƙara abubuwan da ake ƙarawa zuwa buƙatu daban-daban lokacin da albarkatun ƙasa suka shiga cikin injin.
Samun iska da iskar oxygen.
Takin taki muhimmin abu ne na rashin iskar da iskar oxygen.Babban aikinsa shine samar da iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.Sarrafa matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin faruwar takin ta hanyar sarrafa iska don daidaita yawan zafin jiki.Ƙara yawan iska yana kawar da danshi yayin da yake kiyaye yanayin zafi mafi kyau.Samun iska mai dacewa da iskar oxygen na iya rage asarar nitrogen da wari da danshi a cikin samfuran takin, sauƙin adana ruwa na samfuran takin gargajiya yana da tasiri akan pores da ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta, yana shafar amfani da iskar oxygen.Yana da ƙayyadaddun abu a cikin takin aerobic.Yana buƙatar sarrafa danshi da samun iska bisa tushen kayan abu, da kuma cimma daidaituwar ruwa da iskar oxygen.Yin la'akari da duka biyun, yana iya haɓaka samarwa da haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka yanayin sarrafawa.Nazarin ya nuna cewa yawan iskar oxygen yana ƙaruwa da ƙasa da digiri 60, kuma ya kamata a sarrafa adadin iskar da iskar oxygen gwargwadon yanayin zafi daban-daban.
PH iko.
Ƙimar PH tana shafar duk tsarin takin.A cikin matakan farko na takin gargajiya, PH yana rinjayar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.Alal misali, PH-6.0 shine iyakar iyakar alade maturation da sawdust.Yana hana samar da carbon dioxide da zafi a PH-6.0, kuma samar da carbon dioxide da zafi yana ƙaruwa da sauri a PH-6.Lokacin shigar da babban matakin zafin jiki, haɗuwa da ƙimar PH mai girma da yawan zafin jiki yana haifar da ammonia volaten.Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna raguwa zuwa kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar takin, suna rage pH zuwa kusan 5. Acids masu canzawa daga baya suna ƙafe yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi.A lokaci guda ammonia yana lalata da kwayoyin halitta, yana haifar da PH ya tashi.A ƙarshe yana daidaitawa a matsayi mai girma.A yanayin zafi na takin, ƙimar PH na iya kaiwa matsakaicin ƙimar takin daga awanni 7.5 zuwa 8.5.Yawan PHH kuma yana iya haifar da ƙawancen ammonia da yawa, don haka ana iya rage PHH ta ƙara aluminum da phosphoric acid.Sarrafa ingancin takin gargajiya ba shi da sauƙi.Wannan yana da sauƙin sauƙi ga yanayin guda ɗaya.Koyaya, kayan yana da ma'amala kuma yakamata a haɗa su tare da kowane tsari don cimma cikakkiyar haɓakar yanayin takin.Ana iya sarrafa takin zamani da kyau lokacin da yanayin sarrafawa yayi kyau.Don haka, ana iya samar da takin zamani masu inganci kuma a yi amfani da su azaman takin mai kyau ga shuke-shuke.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-22-2020