Takin yana juya takin kaji ya zama kyakkyawan taki
1. A cikin aiwatar da takin, takin dabbobi, ta hanyar aikin ƙwayoyin cuta, yana mai da kwayoyin halitta da ke da wuya a yi amfani da su ta hanyar 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari zuwa kayan abinci masu saukin amfani da 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu.
2. Yawan zafin jiki na kimanin 70 ° C da ake samarwa yayin aikin takin yana iya kashe yawancin kwayoyin cuta da ƙwai, a zahiri suna samun rashin lahani.
Tsarin takin fermentation cikakke yana lalata dattin kwayoyin halitta, kuma fermentation na albarkatun halittu masu rai suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dukkan tsarin samar da taki.Isasshen fermentation shine tushen samar da taki mai inganci mai inganci.Injin takin yana gane cikakken fermentation da takin takin, kuma zai iya gane babban stacking da fermentation, wanda ke inganta saurin fermentation na aerobic.
Takin kaji wanda bai cika ba ana iya cewa taki ne mai haɗari.
Organic taki yana da ayyuka da yawa.Takin gargajiya na iya inganta yanayin ƙasa, haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani, haɓaka inganci da ingancin kayan aikin gona, da haɓaka ingantaccen ci gaban amfanin gona.
Halin sarrafa yanayin samar da takin gargajiya shine hulɗar halaye na jiki da na halitta yayin aikin takin, kuma yanayin sarrafawa yana daidaitawa ta hanyar hulɗar.
- Kula da danshi
Danshi shine muhimmin buƙatu don takin halitta.A cikin aikin takin taki, ɗanɗanon ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano na ɗanyen takin yana da kashi 40% zuwa 70%, wanda ke tabbatar da ci gaba mai kyau na takin.
- Kula da yanayin zafi
Sakamakon sakamako ne na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke ƙayyade hulɗar kayan aiki.
Takin zamani wani abu ne na sarrafa zafin jiki.Yin takin yana iya sarrafa zafin kayan, haɓaka ƙashin ruwa, da tilasta iska ta cikin tari.
- C/N rabo iko
Lokacin da rabon C/N ya dace, ana iya aiwatar da takin cikin sauƙi.Idan ma'aunin C/N ya yi yawa, saboda ƙarancin nitrogen da ƙayyadaddun yanayin girma, ƙarancin gurɓataccen sharar kwayoyin zai ragu, wanda zai haifar da tsawaita lokacin takin taki.Idan rabon C/N ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, za a iya amfani da carbon gabaɗaya, kuma an yi asarar nitrogen da yawa ta hanyar ammonia.Ba wai kawai yana rinjayar yanayi ba, har ma yana rage tasirin takin nitrogen.
- samun iska da iskar oxygen
Taki taki wani muhimmin al'amari ne na rashin isasshen iska da iskar oxygen.Babban aikinsa shine samar da iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana daidaita yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar sarrafa iska, kuma ana sarrafa matsakaicin zafin jiki da lokacin abin da ya faru na takin.
- PH iko
Ƙimar PH za ta shafi dukan tsarin takin.Lokacin da yanayin sarrafawa yayi kyau, ana iya sarrafa takin cikin sauƙi.Don haka, ana iya samar da taki mai inganci da amfani da shi azaman taki mafi kyau ga tsirrai.
Hanyoyin yin takin gargajiya.
Al'ada ce ga mutane su bambanta tsakanin takin iska da takin anaerobic.Tsarin takin zamani shine takin aerobic.Wannan shi ne saboda takin aerobic yana da fa'idodin babban zafin jiki, ingantacciyar bazuwar matrix, gajeriyar zagayowar takin, ƙarancin wari, da babban amfani da magani na inji.Anaerobic takin ne da amfani da anaerobic microorganisms don kammala bazuwar dauki, iska ke ware daga takin, da zazzabi ne low, tsari ne in mun gwada da sauki, samfurin ya ƙunshi babban adadin nitrogen, amma takin sake zagayowar ya yi tsayi da yawa. warin yana da ƙarfi, kuma samfurin ya ƙunshi ƙarancin bazuwar Najasa.
An raba ɗaya gwargwadon ko ana buƙatar iskar oxygen, akwai takin aerobic da takin anaerobic;
An raba ɗaya ta takin zafin jiki, gami da takin zafin jiki mai zafi da takin matsakaici;
Ana rarraba ɗaya bisa ga matakin injina, gami da takin sararin samaniya da takin inji.
Dangane da bukatar iskar oxygen na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yayin aikin takin, hanyar takin za a iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: takin iska da takin anaerobic.Gabaɗaya, takin aerobic yana da babban zafin jiki, gabaɗaya 55-60 ℃, kuma iyaka zai iya kaiwa 80-90 ℃.Don haka takin aerobic kuma ana kiransa takin yanayi mai zafi;Takin anaerobic yana yin takin ne ta hanyar haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a ƙarƙashin yanayin anaerobic.
1. Ka'idar takin aerobic.
①Aerobic takin da aka za'ayi a karkashin aerobic yanayi ta yin amfani da mataki na aerobic microorganisms.A cikin tsarin takin zamani, abubuwa masu narkewa a cikin taki na dabbobi suna ɗaukar kai tsaye ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ta cikin membranes tantanin halitta;sinadaran colloidal da ba za su iya narkewa ba, ana fara daɗa su a waje da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna bazu zuwa abubuwa masu narkewa ta hanyar enzymes na extracellular da ƙwayoyin cuta suka ɓoye, sannan su shiga cikin sel..
Ana iya raba takin aerobic kusan zuwa matakai uku.
Matsayin matsakaicin zafin jiki.Hakanan ana kiran matakin mesophilic matakin samar da zafi, wanda ke nufin matakin farko na tsarin takin.Turi Layer ne m mesophilic a 15-45 ° C.Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na Mesophilic sun fi aiki kuma suna amfani da kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa a cikin takin don gudanar da ayyukan rayuwa masu ƙarfi.Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na mesophilic sun haɗa da fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da actinomycetes, galibi dangane da sukari da sitaci.
②Matakin zafin jiki.Lokacin da tari zafin jiki ya tashi sama da 45 ℃, zai shiga high zafin jiki mataki.A wannan mataki, ana hana ƙwayoyin cuta na mesophilic ko ma sun mutu, kuma an maye gurbinsu da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na thermophilic.Ragowar kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa da sabuwar halitta a cikin takin na ci gaba da zama oxidized da rubewa, kuma hadadden kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin takin, irin su hemicellulose, cellulose da protein, suma suna rubewa sosai.
③ Matakin sanyaya.A mataki na gaba na fermentation, kawai wasu daga cikin kwayoyin halitta mafi wuya-zuwa rubewa da sabon humus sun kasance.A wannan lokacin, aikin microorganisms yana raguwa, ƙimar calorific yana raguwa, kuma yawan zafin jiki yana raguwa.Mesophilic microorganisms suna sake mamayewa, kuma suna kara lalata sauran kwayoyin halitta wanda ya fi wuya a rubewa.Humus yana ci gaba da karuwa da daidaitawa, kuma takin ya shiga matakin balaga, kuma buƙatar iskar oxygen yana raguwa sosai., Hakanan an rage yawan danshi, ƙarancin takin yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana haɓaka iyawar iskar oxygen.A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar samun iska ta yanayi kawai.
2. Ka'idar takin anaerobic.
Takin anaerobic shine amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na anaerobic don aiwatar da ɓarnawar fermentation da bazuwar a ƙarƙashin yanayin anoxic.Baya ga carbon dioxide da ruwa, samfuran ƙarshe sun haɗa da ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane da sauran acid Organic, ciki har da ammonia, hydrogen sulfide da sauran abubuwa Yana da ƙamshi na musamman, kuma takin anaerobic yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, kuma yawanci yana ɗaukar da yawa. watanni su cika bazuwa.Takin gonar gargajiya na gargajiya shine takin anaerobic.
Tsarin takin anaerobic an raba shi zuwa matakai biyu:
Mataki na farko shine matakin samar da acid.Bakteriya masu samar da acid suna ƙasƙantar da manyan kwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin kwayoyin halitta, acetic acid, propanol da sauran abubuwa.
Mataki na biyu shine matakin samar da methane.Methanogens suna ci gaba da lalata kwayoyin acid zuwa iskar methane.
Babu oxygen don shiga cikin tsarin anaerobic, kuma tsarin acidification yana haifar da ƙananan makamashi.Ana ajiye makamashi mai yawa a cikin kwayoyin acid na kwayoyin halitta kuma an sake shi a cikin nau'i na methane gas a karkashin aikin kwayoyin methane.Ana iya sarrafa takin anaerobic da matakan amsawa da yawa, jinkirin gudu da dogon lokaci.
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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-05-2023